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Co-Expression of Host and Viral MicroRNAs in Porcine Dendritic Cells Infected by the Pseudorabies Virus

机译：伪狂犬病病毒感染的猪树突状细胞中宿主和病毒microRNA的共表达

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MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nt long that modulate gene expression in animals and plants. It has been recently demonstrated that herpesviruses encode miRNAs to control the post-transcriptional regulation of expression from their own genomes and possibly that of their host, thus adding an additional layer of complexity to the physiological cross-talk between host and pathogen. The present study focussed on the interactions between porcine dendritic cells (DCs) and the Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alpha-herpesvirus causing Aujeszky's disease in pigs. A catalogue of porcine and viral miRNAs, expressed eight hours post-infection, was established by deep sequencing. An average of 2 million reads per sample with a size of 21-24 nucleotides was obtained from six libraries representing three biological replicates of infected and mock-infected DCs. Almost 95% of reads mapped to the draft pig genome sequence and pig miRNAs previously annotated in dedicated databases were detected by sequence alignment. In silico prediction allowed the identification of unknown porcine as well as of five miRNAs transcribed by the Large Latency Transcript (LLT) of PRV. The gene target prediction of the viral miRNAs and the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed pig miRNAs were conducted to contextualize the identified small RNA molecules and functionally characterize their involvement in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The results support a role for PRV miRNAs in the maintenance of the host cell latency state through the down-regulation of immediate-early viral genes which is similar to other herpesviruses. The differentially expressed swine miRNAs identified a unique network of target genes with highly significant functions in the development and function of the nervous system and in infectious mechanisms, suggesting that the modulation of both host and viral miRNAs is necessary for the establishment of PRV latency.
机译：MicroRNA是约22 nt长的小型非编码RNA，可调节动植物中的基因表达。最近已经证明，疱疹病毒编码miRNA以控制其自身基因组以及可能是其宿主的转录后表达的调控，从而为宿主与病原体之间的生理相互作用增加了另一层复杂性。本研究的重点是猪树突状细胞（DCs）与伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）之间的相互作用，伪狂犬病病毒是一种引起猪Aujeszky病的α-疱疹病毒。通过深度测序建立了感染后八小时表达的猪和病毒miRNA目录。从六个库中获得每个样本平均200万个读数，大小为21-24个核苷酸，这些库代表感染的和模拟感染的DC的三个生物学重复。通过序列比对可检测到映射到草图猪基因组序列和先前在专用数据库中注释的猪miRNA的近95％的读数。通过计算机预测，可以鉴定未知的猪以及PRV大潜伏转录本（LLT）转录的五个miRNA。进行了病毒miRNA的基因靶标预测和差异表达猪miRNA的创造力途径分析，以根据情况鉴定已鉴定的小RNA分子，并在功能上表征其参与基因表达的转录后调控。结果支持PRV miRNA通过下调即刻早期病毒基因（与其他疱疹病毒相似）维持宿主细胞潜伏状态的作用。差异表达的猪miRNAs鉴定了独特的靶基因网络，在神经系统的发育和功能以及感染机制中具有高度重要的功能，这表明宿主和病毒miRNA的调节对于建立PRV潜伏期是必需的。

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